Screening titles and abstracts (T&Ab) for inclusion in a systematic review is an intensive, and often collaborative, step. In summary, the TASER study demonstrated the feasibility of engaging medical students in the screening of citations for systematic reviews. Presumably, there are many reasons for excluding an abstract. There are two stages to screening and selecting results to be included in the review. 1947, 18: 50-60. Students in the EndNote, Paper and ReGroup screening groups had median (range) self-reported total screening times of 3 h 30 min (range 01:50–08:00), 3 h 7 min and 30 s (range 02:20–06:41) and 3 h 30 min (range 02:50–07:50), respectively, equivalent to median screening times of 19 (range 10–40), 17 (range 12–37) and 19 s (range 13–41) per citation. Rayyan is a free online tool that anyone can use for screening and coding of studies in a Systematic Review. PubMed Locate studies 7. 2011, Clavisi O, Turner T, Thomas J, Cavedon L: Development of a Web Based Software Tool to Improve Efficiency and User Experience of Systematic Reviews. Go to Full-Text Screening: After excluding articles based on the title and abstract screening, begin full-text screening. Second screening stage. 2011, The Cochrane Collaboration, Available from: http://www.cochrane-handbook.org. Future work in this area may assist in investigating ways to optimise the performance of medical students, such as engaging and scalable training, incentives for quality and analytical approaches to deriving the most value from participants’ screening decisions. The editorial process and requirements for title registration of systematic reviews of DTA are different from those used for the Cochrane systematic reviews of interventions. This is the webpage for the Cochrane Screening and Diagnostic Tests Methods Group (SDTM). 10.1214/aoms/1177730491. Machine learning tools can expedite systematic review (SR) processes by semi-automating citation screening. JE conceived the study, participated in its coordination and design and assisted in drafting the manuscript. Screen2Go captured objective timing information but included safeguards to discard timings when it was unclear if the device was being used for screening or not. Medical students were randomly allocated to title and abstract screening using one of the four modalities. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.04.007. Future studies should investigate the effect of incentive systems, training and support and analytical methods on screening performance. A key step in the process of systematic review is citation screening, which involves manual review of study report titles and abstracts to identify potentially eligible articles for inclusion in the review [3]. ‘Crowdsourcing’ citation screening from the general population is another approach to broader participation in systematic review and is an important area for further investigation. The objectives of the Title and Abstract Screening and Evaluation in Systematic Reviews (TASER) trial were to provide preliminary data on the accuracy of medical student title and abstract screening and on the effect of screening modality on screening accuracy and efficiency. The study was designed as a pilot study and the sample size limits the power of the study to detect small, but relevant differences. The Processing folder can be helpful for making sure you've processed all content before screeners begin. In order to increase the reliability of article selection, the use of two reviewers has been recommended [4], but this increases the resource requirements of review production. The Monash University Faculty of Medicine distributed an invitation email to a convenience sample of the 1,148 eligible medical students with an explanatory statement to eligible participants using student email lists. A set of citations retrieved from a search conducted for the purpose of updating a single Cochrane systematic review, ‘hypothermia for traumatic brain injury’ [9], was used as the citation dataset. Systematic reviews … Retrospective analysis of participant screening decisions for review authors’ final included citations. Assemble the systematic review team 3. Anticipating negative skew, particularly for specificity, we used non-parametric methods for statistical comparisons of screening modalities. KH designed the mobile screening application, Screen2Go, and participated in the study’s statistical analysis and drafting of the manuscript. The first stage of this is usually based on titles and abstracts, then a full text analysis follows before data extraction. All student participants were required to have access to an iOS device (iPhone, iPod Touch or iPad), in addition to a computer with Internet access. Using technology frees up more resources and makes the review process faster and more cost-effective. Mann HB, Whitney DR: On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. Students randomised to perform citation screening using ReGroup, a web-based systematic review platform, achieved a significantly higher final sensitivity than those randomised to use EndNote, a widely used desktop reference management program. Participants in the EndNote, ReGroup and Paper screening groups were requested to self-report the time taken to screen the 650 citations. For research teams looking to make their systematic review process more efficient without sacrificing validity, systematic review software offers many advantages. Data were summarised using box-and-whisker plots with whiskers denoting minimum and maximum observed values, boxes delineating quartile ranges and, separately, data points indicating within-group means. Differences between Paper and EndNote (p =0.689, significance level =0.05) and Screen2Go and EndNote (sensitivity p =0.064, significance level =0.025) were non-significant.The highest sensitivities and specificities observed in any single participant were 86.7% and 99.8%, respectively. Secondly, participants were given very little guidance in the content area of the review, other than a one-page review protocol with inclusion criteria. Time taken to screen was measured across the four intervention groups to compare efficiency between the four modalities. We did not include screening of full-text articles, the second step in study identification, as the characteristics of this task differs substantially from citation screening. Because the magnitude of this correction differs for each comparison, we report the effective required significance level in addition to the p value that was obtained. This may lead to efficiency gains and is consistent with the efforts to broaden the involvement of stakeholders in the production and use of evidence synthesis. 2009, 4: 51-. Perspect Clin Res. Step 2: Full-text screening The figure summarises the distribution of responses across all students against the 14 citations that were ultimately retained into the review update after review of full text by the expert reviewers. We therefore conducted pairwise comparison of sensitivity, but not specificity, between the EndNote modality and the other methods. Searching and identifying a wide range of studies for a systematic review, therefore, is critical for a … We performed a pilot randomised controlled trial to compare the performance characteristics of systematic review citation screening by medical students utilising four different screening modalities. 2011, 2 (3): 109-112. Define inclusion and exclusion criteria 5. BMC Med Res Methodol. Screening burden varied from 5.3% to 10.8% (Figure 2c). Systematic Reviews Participants were randomised 1:1:1:1 to one of the four study arms according to the concealed randomisation schedule, as they responded to the invitation email. © 2020 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Baseline demographic data was not obtained. Participants were provided with an explanatory statement detailing the study and its purpose. Burden is a measure of workload that captures the proportion of all citations that need to be reviewed once screening is completed. If a between-modality difference was seen for a particular outcome, we compared each against the EndNote modality representing current standard practice using the Mann-Whitney U test [12]. The production of high quality systematic reviews requires rigorous methods that are time-consuming and resource intensive. Student screening performance by modality. We declare the following interests: KH is the creator of the mobile screening application, Screen2Go. Systematic Review Data Repository (SRDR) From AHRQ, SRDR is a tool for extraction and management of data for systematic review … Systematic reviews are vital to the pursuit of evidence-based medicine within healthcare. The EndNote and Screen2Go groups required specific downloading instructions to access the screening programs. Citation screening is time-consuming yet a crucial aspect of the systematic review process, since failure to identify relevant studies can jeopardise the validity of a review. This tutorial introduces systematic reviews and explains the steps to a systematic review. Having only one reviewer is a risk-of-bias indicator for systematic reviews, and best practice methodology requires a multiple-reviewer approach to decrease risk of bias in the review. Stat Med. California Privacy Statement, The systematic review process consists of several steps: after a systematic search for the relevant literature, the publications retrieved are screened and the relevant ones selected. Six hundred fifty citations were obtained from the date of last search from 6 April 2009 until 12 May 2012. Methods: A five-member group of physicians performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on light at night and breast cancer risk using Medline and Embase (January to March 2011). Medical students are a feasible population to engage in citation screening. The machine learning technology permits reviewers to screen roughly half of the set of citations imported for a given review, and then let the software automatically exclude a (hopefully large) portion of the remaining citations; the reviewers will then only need to screen the articles classified as relevant by the software. For example, the title and abstract of Fraser 2011 (refer to Additional file 2) presents information indicating this is a potential included study, but 80% of students screened this study out. Spearman C: The proof and measurement of association between two rings. There are several potential reasons for the modest and variable overall performance of medical students’ ability to select relevant articles in this study, when compared to the review authors’ decisions. 10.1002/sim.1190. Whilst previous studies have assessed the effect of experience on the accuracy of data extraction [5], there is no empirical evidence regarding the performance of non-expert groups in citation screening or the optimal approaches to support their contributions. Login details were emailed to participants randomised to ReGroup, who then simply needed to click on a web link and could immediately commence screening. Various types of software can be used to store citations and do the screening: A PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses) diagram is used to show the steps involved in the review process, as well as recording the number of articles excluded at each stage. When reviewing the final search results from your chosen databases (and other sources if relevant), multiple reviewers (you and your supervisors or co-reviewers) will make decisions on which articles to include and exclude based on the criteria specified in your protocol. 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