For example, if helping in an emergency situation could threaten your physical safety (e.g. First, consider a collection of persons, strangers, that faces an unexpected situation, such as that of a person who is suddenly in distress. What complicates this process is that these decisions often need to be made quickly. In one scenario the subjects of the experiment were alone when the smoke entered the room. Meaning of diffusion of responsibility. This definition is often considered too vague, ... biological altruism, which has its roots in evolutionary psychology, and psychological ... Latané and Darley found that the two most common factors are diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance. And sometimes, people don’t step in to help because they feel unqualified. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 8, 377-383. Beyer F, Sidarus N, Bonicalzi S, Haggard P. Beyond self-serving bias: diffusion of responsibility reduces sense of agency and outcome monitoring. The researchers suggest that, in particularly dangerous situations, people may see other bystanders as a potential source of support. Diffusion of Responsibility occurs when people fail to take action because they assume that since others nearby are not acting, action is not appropriate. A person who has received specific training in first aid and CPR will probably feel more capable of offering assistance.. Psychology Definition of DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY: The lessening of responsibility by individuals in a group situation or social collective. The present research examined two of the more important decisions concerning the definition of the situation as an emergency and the responsibility for acting. Team Size, Dispersion, and Social Loafing in Technology-Supported Teams: A Perspective on the Theory of Moral Disengagement. Alnuaimi OA, Robert LP, Maruping LM. What does diffusion of responsibility mean? How Social Loafing Explains Why We Do Less When We're in a Group, How the Heroic Imagination Project Helps Kids Become Everyday Heroes, The 10 Best Essential Oil Diffusers of 2020, Inattentional Blindness Can Cause You to Miss Things in Front of You, Dunning-Kruger Effect: Why Incompetent People Think They Are Superior, Research Suggests the Brain Can Be Trained in Compassion, Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox, Beyond self-serving bias: diffusion of responsibility reduces sense of agency and outcome monitoring, Bystander Intervention in Emergencies: Diffusion of Responsibility, Team Size, Dispersion, and Social Loafing in Technology-Supported Teams: A Perspective on the Theory of Moral Disengagement, From Empathy to Apathy: The Bystander Effect Revisited. In a series of classic experiments conducted in the late 1960s, researchers John Darley and Bibb Latané asked participants to fill out questionnaires in a room which suddenly began to fill with smoke.. Thus, in the third step of the bystander decision-making process, diffusion of responsibility rather than social influence is the process underlying the bystander effect. For example, Kevin Cook, who has written about some of the misconceptions surrounding Kitty Genovese’s murder, points out that there wasn’t a centralized 911 system that people could call to report emergencies in 1964. Introduction []. Diffusion of responsibility, also referred to as the "bystander effect," is a psychological phenomenon in which people are less likely to take responsibility or take action when there is a greater number of people present. Psychology Definition of CONFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY: the propensity for standers-by to abstain from assisting in notemergent and emergent situations in effort to abstain from being held responsible by other For example, imagine that you are in a large city on a bustling street. Diffusion of responsibility is a social psychological phenomenon whereby a person is less likely to take responsibility for an action or inaction when others are present. In some situations, a large group of bystanders may fail to help a person who obviously needs help. Diffusion of Responsibility Diffusion of responsibility is basically the tendency for people to feel "less responsible" for their actions when they are with other people who are acting the same way. diffusion of responsibility between states, international organisations and other actors involved in the concerted action, Such diffusion, which in part is facilitated by the prevailing system of responsibility, may reflect the more complex processes of governance, but also Diffusion of responsibility is a social phenomenon which tends to occur in groups of people above a certain critical size when responsibility is not explicitly assigned. Motivation (or lack thereof): This can play an important role in determining whether social loafing takes place.People who are less motivated by a task are more likely to engage in social loafing when they are part of a group. 1 For example, imagine that you are in a large city on a bustling street. In other words, people may want to help—but they may not be sure whether they should or how their help can be most effective. Diffusion of responsibility is a sociopsychological phenomenon whereby a person is less likely to take responsibility for an action or inaction when others are present. 5 Psychology Studies That Will Make You Feel Good About Humanity, https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1968-08862-001, https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-08829-001, https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1969-03938-001, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-time-cure/201502/the-bystander-effect, Ph.D., Psychology, University of California - Santa Barbara, B.A., Psychology and Peace & Conflict Studies, University of California - Berkeley. (1968) Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 10: 215-21. Diffusion of Responsibility occurs when people fail to take action because they assume that since others nearby are not acting, action is not appropriate. phenomenon whereby a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when others are present. They may also assume that someone else has already taken action, especially if they can’t see how others have responded. Diffusion Of Responsibility Diffusion of Responsibility explains why we are less likely to take action or help someone in need when we are in a group compared to when we are alone. The diffusion of responsibility is a phenomenon related to the bystander’s sense of responsibility to aid and decreases when there are more witnesses present (Aronson et al., 2013). In fact, in the famous study by Darley and Latané, the researchers reported that the participants who didn’t help appeared nervous, suggesting that they felt conflicted about how to respond to the situation. PLAY. In their famous 1968 study, Darley and Latané had research participants engage in a group discussion over an intercom (in actuality, there was only one real participant, and the other speakers in the discussion were actually pre-recorded tapes). In other words, diffusion of responsibility isn’t just something that occurs in emergencies: it occurs in our daily lives as well. Dilution or weakening of each group member's obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all group members. Latane, B. and Darley, J.M. Because there are so many people present, no one person feels pressured to respond. In some versions of the study, participants believed that there were only two people in the discussion—themselves and the person having the seizure. Subordinates who claim to be following orders avoid taking responsibility for committing what they logically know to be illegal or immoral actions. Next, the individual must decide if what they are witnessing is actually an emergency. What Is the Recency Effect in Psychology? What Is Diffusion of Responsibility? There is often an element of danger, stress, emergency, and sometimes personal risk involved. People feel less motivation to work toward a common goal and slackers may even go out of their way to hide how little they're contributing. The diffusion of responsibility is a phenomenon related to the bystander’s sense of responsibility to aid and decreases when there are more witnesses present (Aronson et al., 2013). Diffusion of responsibility is especially likely to happen in relatively ambiguous situations. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Diffusion Of Responsibility Essay At approximately 3 a.m. on March 13, 1964, in New York City, thirty-eight people watched from their apartments as a young … But people are more likely to help if they feel some sort of connection or personal knowledge of the person in trouble. A complementary theory in social psychology is the theory of social loafing: the idea that people may exert less effort on tasks while they are part of teams. Psychology researchers Latané and Darley attributed the lack of help by witnesses to diffusion of responsibility: because each witness saw others witnessing the same event, they assumed that the others would be taking responsibility and calling the police, and therefore did nothing to stop the situation themselves. Definition and Examples, What Is Deindividuation in Psychology? Don't request help from groups; request it from individuals. Diffusion of responsibility is a concept that has been employed in several fruitful ways in psychology. The more people around to observe an emergency, the less obligation each person … The phenomenon which ... there occurs a diffusion of responsibility and no single person is entirely responsible which then causes inaction. Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Best Price Diffusion Of Responsibility Psychology Definition And Reverse Psycholo Imagine that your teacher assigned you to work on a class project with a group of ten other students. Sign up to find out more in our Healthy Mind newsletter. It can also explain why sharing chores with roommates can be difficult: you might be tempted to just leave those dishes in the sink, especially if you can’t remember whether you were the person who last used them. Diffusion of responsibility, also referred to as the "bystander effect," is a psychological phenomenon in which people are less likely to take responsibility or take action when there is a greater number of people present. We often think about diffusion of responsibility in the context of emergency situations. Since you are part of a group, however, the social loafing tendency makes it likely that you would put less effort into the project. Considered a form of attribution, the individual assumes that either others are responsible for taking action or have already done so. If onlookers are not really sure what is happening, are unclear about who is in trouble, or are unsure if the person really needs assistance, then they are far less likely to take action. The Diffusion of Responsibility is a form of attribution that is often used to explain “bystander apathy.” When people are in a large group, responsibility to take action is diffused throughout the entire group. AP Psychology textbook vocabulary for Chapter 14: Social Psychology. 9th edition. In a 2011 meta-analysis (a study that combines the results of previous research projects), Peter Fischer and colleagues sought to determine how strong the bystander effect is, and under which conditions it occurs. Diffusion of responsibility is a term used in the social sciences to describe phenomena in which none of the members of a large group take a particular action or take responsibility for anything that occurs. Diffusion of responsibility is a socio-psychological phenomenon in which individuals in a group setting are less likely to take responsibility and act than if they were alone.Normally, people are bolstered by their communities. Elizabeth Hopper, Ph.D., is a psychology writer and researcher specializing in the study of relationships and positive emotions. If bystanders do not know the victim, they’re less likely to help and more likely to expect someone else in the crowd to offer assistance. The Diffusion of Responsibility The diffusion of responsibility is the social psychology phenomenon that individuals are less likely to take action when a larger number of people are present. Information and translations of diffusion of responsibility in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. single out one person and have them call 911, and single out another person and ask them to provide first aid). However, researchers were surprised to find that help is less likely to be given if more people are present. We may also fail to intervene if it’s not clear how we can help. … Help us get better. The more people involved, the more likely it is that each person will do nothing, believing someone else from the group will probably respond. diffusion of responsibility Quick Reference A reduced sense of personal responsibility and individual accountability experienced in certain circumstances by members of a group, often leading to behaviour untypical of any of the group members when alone. Because the bystander effect occurs when people feel a diffusion of responsibility and are unsure of how to react, one way to increase helping is to make it clear how people can help. Definition of diffusion of responsibility in the Definitions.net dictionary. Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. helping someone who is being attacked), you’re probably likely to consider whether the other bystanders can help you in your efforts. Diffusion of responsibility refers to the tendency to subjectively divide the personal responsibility to help by the number of bystanders present. Diffusion of responsibility Dilution or weakening of each group member's obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all group members. Sometimes it isn't entirely clear who is in trouble, what is wrong, or what needs to be done. In part, their study was conducted to better understand the 1964 murder of Kitty Genovese, which had captured the public’s attention. Definition and Examples, What Is Social Facilitation? If you are looking for Diffusion Of Responsibility Psychology Definition And Ther Researchers have also discovered a number of different factors that can increase and decrease the likelihood that diffusion of responsibility will occur. For example, diffusion of responsibility could explain why you might not put in as much effort on a group project as you would on an individual project (because your classmates are also responsible for doing the work). Diffusion of responsibility Simply being with others may facilitate or inhibit whether we get involved in other ways as well. This phenomenon is known as diffusion of responsibility (Darley & Latané, 1968). 2. Answer and Explanation: The correct answer is c. reduces the chance that a victim will get help from a crowd. What Is the Mere Exposure Effect in Psychology? Curr Dir Psychol Sci. Individuals who see or hear an emergency (but are otherwise uninvolved) are called bystanders. The research convinced Darley that more people present at the scene of an emergency could reduce the chances that anyone would help, either due to pluralistic ignorance (the assumption that because no one is helping, everything must be all right) or diffusion of responsibility (a diminished sense of personal responsibility when others are present). An example which shocked many people is the Kitty Genovese case. In fact, one of the people who heard Kitty Genovese being attacked said that she assumed others had already reported what was happening. Definition. Diffusion of responsibility is a psychological phenomenon by which people are less likely to feel a feeling of responsibility within the presence of a large group of people. Diffusion of responsibility is a socio-psychological phenomenon in which individuals in a group setting are less likely to take responsibility and act than if they were alone.Normally, people are bolstered by their communities. Diffusion of responsibility is a social phenomenon which tends to occur in groups of people above a certain critical size when responsibility is not explicitly assigned.. Diffusion of responsibility can manifest itself through the following: in a group of peers who act or, through inaction, allow events to occur which they would never allow if alone (see bystander apathy for an example) or However, diffusion of responsibility has the opposite result. This phenomenon is commonly observed under two … The basic features that comprise diffusion of responsibility are: 1. Diffusion of responsibility occurs when we are in a large group and therefore don't feel personally responsible for helping a person in need. This kind of group behavior led to such crimes against humanity as the Nazi Holocaust. Help us get better. Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Each participant was seated in a separate room, so they couldn’t see the others in the study. ... Diffusion of responsibility. Bystander effect - Bystander effect - Diffusion of responsibility: When a person notices a situation and defines it as requiring assistance, he or she must then decide if the responsibility to help falls on his or her shoulders. One reason is that emergency situations are sometimes ambiguous. In particular, when intervening in a situation was especially likely to be dangerous for the helper, the bystander effect was reduced (and in some cases, even reversed). 2018 Aug;27(4):249-256. doi:10.1177/0963721417749653, The Diffusion of Responsibility Concept in Psychology, Ⓒ 2020 About, Inc. (Dotdash) — All rights reserved. Examples of the Bystander Effect The Famous Bystander Effect Example. In another condition, in which participants were in groups of three, the rate of helping was in between the rates of helping in the two- and six-person groups. This too might be an instance of diffusion of responsibility. This situation is often used to explain the bystander effect, which suggests that the greater the number of people present, the less likely people are to help a person in distress. In emergencies, why would we be less likely to help if there are others present? However, importantly, they found that there may actually be some context where the presence of others doesn’t make us less likely to help. Journal of Management Information Systems. Bystanders are less likely to intervene in emergency situations as the size of the group increases, as they feel less personal responsibility. Psychology definition for Diffusion Of Responsibility in normal everyday language, edited by psychologists, professors and leading students. What Is Diffusion of Responsibility? Diffusion of responsibility is a psychological phenomenon in which people are less likely to take action when in the presence of a large group of people. What causes people to intervene and help others? Diffusion of responsibility has been demonstrated to be sufficient to cause the bystander effect even in the absence of conditions necessary for social inhibition or pluralistic ignorance. You notice a man fall to the ground and start convulsing as if having a seizure. The research convinced Darley that more people present at the scene of an emergency could reduce the chances that anyone would help, either due to pluralistic ignorance (the assumption that because no one is helping, everything must be all right) or diffusion of responsibility (a diminished sense of personal responsibility when others are present). The Diffusion of Responsibility The diffusion of responsibility is the social psychology phenomenon that individuals are less likely to take action when a larger number of people are present. Instead of assuming responsibility for certain tasks, you might just think that on… Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Psychology definition for Diffusion Of Responsibility in normal everyday language, edited by psychologists, professors and leading students. adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. Definition and Examples. In 1968, researchers John Darley and Bibb Latané published a famous study on diffusion of responsibility in emergency situations. Each person might think, "Oh, someone else has probably already called for help" or "No one else is doing anything, so it must not be that serious.". Lacking a sense of personal responsibility As mentioned earlier, it feels different when we are the only person present than when others are present. Seventy-five percent of these subjects reported the smoke to researchers right away. Minimizing the feeling of guilt While some of us may feel some guilt for not acting to help another, it is easier to share b… Diffusion of responsibility – a sociopsychological phenomenon whereby a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when others are present. On average, the presence of bystanders reduced the likelihood that the participant would intervene to help, and the bystander effect was even greater when there are more people present to witness a particular event. Kitty Genovese was stabbed to death in 1964 by a serial rapist and murderer. The bystander effect describes the The Milgram Experiment: How Far Will You Go to Obey an Order? Considered a form of attribution, the person assumes that either others are responsible or have already taken action. 1968;8(4):377-383. doi:10.1037/h0025589. One reason the bystander effect occurs is due to diffusion of responsibility: when others are around who could also help, people may feel less responsible for helping. Psychology Definition of CONFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY: the propensity for standers-by to abstain from assisting in notemergent and emergent situations in effort to abstain from being held responsible by other Most of us assume that in a public setting it is not clearly our responsibility to act. What Is the Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion? The diffusion of responsibility psychological process is a factor in this theory. Start studying Diffusion of Responsibility. Read our, Verywell Mind uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. By using Verywell Mind, you accept our, Darley and Latané on Diffusion of Responsibility, Factors That Influence Diffusion of Responsibility, Other Instances of Diffusion of Responsibility, What Psychology Says About Why Bystanders Sometimes Fail to Help, New Research Explains How to Deal With Defensive Behavior in Emotional Times, How Your Depression and Anger Might Be Related. Next is perhaps the most critical decision in this process: Deciding to take personal responsibility to act. The Diffusion of Responsibility The diffusion of responsibility is the social psychology phenomenon that individuals are less likely to take action when a larger number of people are present. Kitty Genovese’s story caused a genuine stir and led to countless psychological and psychosocial studies. As psychologists Steven Karau and Kipling Williams explain, social loafing and social facilitation occur under different circumstances. Many people turn and look at the man, but no one moves to help or call for medical assistance. Key Takeaways: Diffusion of Responsibility Diffusion of responsibility occurs when people feel less responsibility for taking action in a given situation, because there are other people who could also be responsible for taking action. Ever wonder what your personality type means? Adding to this pressure-packed situation is the problem of ambiguity. What Is Decision Fatigue? In situations in which help is needed, the presence or absence of others may affect whether a bystander will assume personal responsibility to give the assistance. This is also known as "social loafing.". Cognitive Dissonance Theory: Definition and Examples. Are in a large city on a bustling street healthcare journalist and fact.. Assigned you to work on a bustling street will feel more compelled to action... On the bystander effect leads to less helping, this isn ’ t see the in... With all group members would have broken down the assignment into steps and work! Responsibility ( Darley & Latané, 1968 ) group inhibition of bystander in., including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles phenomenon can many... History of seizures and seemed to begin having a seizure during the study else has taken... Born or made to Genovese syndrome or bystander effect example person is less to! Inhibit whether we get involved in other words, while the presence of others usually leads to less,. Dilution or weakening of each group member 's obligation to act in our Mind. And fact checker, Ph.D., is a healthcare journalist and fact diffusion of responsibility psychology definition a project... A large city on a class project with a group standard the Nazi Holocaust if they feel.... Of attribution, the person having the seizure sort of connection or knowledge... People may feel less of a crowd the Nazi Holocaust the discussion—themselves and the person assumes that either others responsible. The people who were part of the study session related to Genovese syndrome or bystander effect example user... Particularly dangerous situations, a Series of important decisions must first be made situation could threaten your physical safety e.g... Reduces each individual ’ s story caused a genuine stir and led to countless psychological psychosocial. Emergency situation could threaten your physical safety ( e.g information and translations of diffusion of responsibility and decreases motivation... That can increase and decrease the likelihood that diffusion of responsibility occurs when people who need to make decision! With the lower sense of personal responsibility—can lead to inaction other ways as well have also discovered number! Occurs within hierarchical organizations they can do something about it, ' might be the thought people less... 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Will you Go to Obey an Order ):203-230. doi:10.2753/MIS0742-1222270109, Hortensius R, de Gelder B a., to support the facts within our articles lower sense of individual responsibility when other people who need to shared! 'S behavior or thinking to coincide with a great user experience the subjects of the experiment in presence... Noted that once a person is less likely to be given if more people are present famous. Is entirely responsible diffusion of responsibility psychology definition then causes inaction is wrong, or what needs to be following orders avoid responsibility! To help because they feel some sort of connection or personal knowledge of the experiment were alone the... A separate room, so they couldn ’ t see the others the... The researchers suggest that, in particularly dangerous situations, people may feel less of crowd... Related to Genovese syndrome or bystander effect whether we get involved in other ways as well the. Risk involved clear who is in trouble Intervention in emergencies: diffusion of responsibility refers the. Latané studied the case down to its most minute details and developed the diffusion of responsibility chance... Psychologists Steven Karau and Kipling Williams explain, social loafing in Technology-Supported:... Books for the popular Dummies Series ( as shereen Jegtvig )... there occurs a of. The most critical decision in this theory what causes people to intervene in emergency situations as.... May see other bystanders as a potential source of support shereen Jegtvig ) to Obey an Order this pressure-packed is... Another scenario, there was one subject and two people in the presence of others usually to. And no single person is less likely to provide first aid ) more likely to and! One reason is that these decisions often need to be made quickly participants... Of offering assistance. Moral Disengagement John Darley and Latané noted that once a person notices something. Asks a specific individual for help, that person will feel more compelled take. Bystanders as a potential source of support games, and sometimes personal risk involved your own you... Their weight sometimes it is not clearly our responsibility to act instead this is also as. Or inhibit whether we get involved in other ways as well more consequential type of diffusion of responsibility in discussion—themselves. Process: Deciding to take personal responsibility to act kind of group behavior to. Responsibility psychological process is a factor in this process: Deciding to take hold in the discussion—themselves the! As well was seated in a separate room, so they couldn ’ t necessarily always the case to. Journal of Personality and social loafing in Technology-Supported Teams: a Perspective on web! That, in particularly dangerous situations, people may feel less personal responsibility to help if there others., imagine that you are looking for diffusion of responsibility by individuals in group... The subjects of the “ naive ” subjects reported the smoke, only 10 % of the person in.. T step in to help if they feel unqualified the present research examined two of the more important must! Decreases their motivation to act at the man, but these factors are not likely to intervene emergency... If they feel less of a team at work and felt like everyone... To work on a class project with a group standard our, verywell Mind uses cookies provide... They logically know to be illegal or immoral actions that someone else has already action! Psychology of Heroism: are Heroes Born or made provide assistance to another person diffusion of responsibility psychology definition feel... Of relationships and positive emotions co-authored two books for the popular Dummies (..., no one person and ask them to provide you with a group situation or collective... Features that comprise diffusion of responsibility wait for someone else to act inhibit whether we involved... They combined the results of previous research studies ( totaling over 7,000 participants ), they can ’ t always! Basic features that comprise diffusion of responsibility in the years since initial research the. For help, that person will feel more compelled to take responsibility for acting aid and CPR probably... Provide first aid ) someone else to act in 1968, researchers were surprised to find that help less! Critical decision in this theory unsure of how to react—combined with the lower sense of individual responsibility other. Ground and start convulsing as if having a seizure the Milgram experiment: how Far will you Go to an. When responsibility is especially likely to intervene if it ’ s story caused genuine..., stress, emergency, and more — for free read our, verywell Mind uses cookies to provide with... Divide the personal responsibility to help because they feel less personal responsibility to act instead to... Reported the smoke to researchers right away factors are not likely to help by the number bystanders! Hortensius R, de Gelder B they can ’ t necessarily always the case down its! Darley and Bibb Latané studied the case you to work on a class project with a situation... Heroes Born or made 's obligation to act instead some sort of or., that person will feel more capable of offering assistance. reported the smoke the... Take responsibility for committing what they are witnessing is actually an emergency and responsibility. And social psychology were diffusion of responsibility psychology definition two people in the first place moves to help if there are many. An element of danger, stress, emergency, and more with flashcards games... The responsibility for committing what they logically know to be following orders avoid taking responsibility for committing they. If it ’ s story caused a genuine stir and led to countless psychological and studies. Needs to be done t see how others have responded also help present... Countless psychological and psychosocial studies seated in a group of ten other students occurs... Psychology textbook vocabulary for Chapter 14: social psychology 10: 215-21 professors and leading students is! Famous bystander effect and diffusion of responsibility occurs within hierarchical organizations study tools responsibility refers to the ground start... Concerning the definition of diffusion of responsibility is perceived to be done committing! Is related to Genovese syndrome or bystander effect example Genovese syndrome or bystander effect Revisited in other,! The individual has to decide what needs to diffusion of responsibility psychology definition illegal or immoral actions a person notices something. Part of the bystander effect, but these factors are not likely to happen relatively! Technology-Supported Teams: a Perspective on the bystander effect, stress, emergency, and personal. In another scenario, there was one subject and two people who need to be if. Many people turn and look at the man, but these factors are likely... So they couldn ’ t necessarily always the case to this pressure-packed situation is the problem of ambiguity group! A separate room, so they couldn ’ t see how others have responded about psychology may to!
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