The COMPUTE statements are where the new variable(s) are actually computed or set. You will define the new name in (C). Select DATA -> DEFINE MULTIPLE RESPONSES SET -> put Q1a to Q1f into “Variables in Set” box, in “variable coding” select … Once you have specified all the transformations that you wish to make for the selected variable, click the “Continue” button. The ELSE line tells SPSS to perform its nested computation on all other values not accounted for by the previous conditional statements. Combining multiple responses into one variable in SPSS Statistics Question As the title suggests I would like to know how to turn the results of a multiple response question into a single variable, so it can be used to run a variety of tests. Rather than using the recode command, use an if statement like this: If you need to change one of the recodes that you have added to the Old-->New area section, simply click on the one you wish to change and make changes in (1) and (2) as necessary. Recode into Different Variables was able to correctly account for all possible values in that situation. Identify the variables representing the values for that set. 3 The center of the window includes a collection of arithmetic operators, Boolean operators, and numeric characters, which you can use to specify the conditions under which your recode will be applied to the data. When you run a multiple response frequency or crosstabs, the set is actually created within the syntax for that table, and the set only exists while that syntax is run. If missing value conditions are used in ELSE IF statements, they are ignored. This means that cases meeting the conditions will be recoded, and cases not meeting the conditions will be assigned a missing value. You may have to record the respondent ID number in a spreadsheet along with your numeric recode. After recoding we must respecify the value labels for all three variables. Setting up multiple responses set Now we want to group together Q1c-Q1f so that SPSS knows that it is actually a question with multiple responses. Value 6 is is left unaltered. The most common recoding errors happen when you don't tell SPSS explicitly what to do with missing values: SPSS may recode missing values into one of the new valid categories. All other values remain unchanged, too. With that constraint, how would we achieve a grouping that was intended to have an open endpoint? If you want to discretize a numeric variable into more than three categories, or if you want to perform a recoding based on more than one variable, you'll need to use DO IF-ELSE IF syntax. create a new variable next to the verbatim response and enter in your numeric score/code). Let's use DO IF syntax to perform this recode and save the results as a new variable, MathGrade. For example, suppose you have two variables (v1 and v2), and you wish to recode all cases of v2 to be equal to the system missing value where v1 is also system missing. Indicate which number code (s) should be counted as "present". We'll dichotomize variables v4 to v6 by changing values 1, 2 and 3 into 0 and values 4 and 5 into 1 as implied by recode v4 to v6 (1,2,3 = 0)(4,5 = 1). (If you have value labels, perhaps you should change these now accordingly). No results were found for your search query. There should be the same number of missing values that we started with, and each of the original scores should be classified into exactly one of the grade categories. ), they can be a bit tedious to use when you want to recode or transform multiple variables (e.g., when reverse-scoring multiple responses in a survey data set). Let's try recoding this variable into three ordinal groups: To check your work, go to the Variable View tab in the Data Editor window. This creates a dichotomous variable with cut-off point between 2 and 3. C Old and New Variables: Click the Old and New Values to specify how you wish to recode the values for the selected variable. If the new variable appeared but all of the values are missing, then there is something wrong with your code; you may have forgotten an EXECUTE statement. 3Old -> New: Once you have selected the old and new values for your selected variable in (1) and (2), click Add in area (3), Old-->New. Click on T ransform > R … Recoding into the same variable (Transform > Recode into Same Variables) works the same way as described above, except for that any changes made will permanently alter the original variable. In the counted value, put the value for "yes". Assume we have variable famimpor with values 1, 2, 3 and 4, measuring how important having a family is for the respondent. (You could use DO IF-ELSE IF for recoding a categorical variable, but there's no real reason to use it over Recode; the Recode syntax is shorter and more efficient for that situation.). Choose Analyze→Multiple Response→Frequencies. IF v#f=1 ethnic=6. You could then merge the data together with your SPSS dataset on respondent ID. (Note that although SPSS indicates numeric missing values using period characters (. The command Into Same Variable replaces existing data with new values, but the command Into Different Variables adds a new variable to the data set.. I can easily recode numeric variables using the GUI and the dialogue box shown below: But when i enter a string variable into the same dialogue box the option to define the new value as "System-missing" is not available: Have variables v#a, v#b, v#c, .. v#h which each represent a choice of ethnicity and have a value of 1 if chosen by the respondent. For the "D" and "C" grades, we could try specifying the ranges as [60, 69.9] -> D and [70, 70.9] -> C. This could work if scores were only recorded to one decimal place, but what would happen to a score with two decimal places -- say, 69.99? The Self-Esteem Survey (esteem.sav) data set will be used to illustrate the SPSS recode facility.Open the data set esteem.sav.The variables esteem1 to esteem5 are coded from 1 (strongly disagree) through 4 (strongly agree). This method tells SPSS exactly how to map each old category onto a new category. Select the variable you wish to recode by clicking it. If you'd like to download the sample dataset to work through the examples, choose one of the files below: Sometimes you will want to transform a variable by combining some of its categories or values together. You can also use the options in the Function group list. The original value 3 remains unchanged. gers or binary variables to multiple response or logrithmic variables. 2.6.1.4 SPSS: Frequency or cross table of multiple response set. EXE. 16 April 2020, [{"Product":{"code":"SSLVMB","label":"SPSS Statistics"},"Business Unit":{"code":"BU053","label":"Cloud & Data Platform"},"Component":"Not Applicable","Platform":[{"code":"PF025","label":"Platform Independent"}],"Version":"Not Applicable","Edition":"","Line of Business":{"code":"LOB10","label":"Data and AI"}}], Recode multiple response variables in SPSS into a single variable with priority. Click on 4. This computation must be done using syntax. Search results are not available at this time. Th… Need more help? Search, None of the above, continue with my search. This tutorial shows how to use Recode into Different Variables and DO IF syntax to change or merge the categories of string or numeric variables in SPSS. I have an spss datafile which separated responses from two groups of participants on the same survey question into two variables in SPSS (i.e. The left column lists all of the variables in your dataset. Search support or find a product: Search. 2 Put the variable you want to recode in the Input Variable → Output Variable box. Using "All other values" to define group 2 was completely dependent on us correctly accounting for all other possible categories first, including the missing values. id v#a v#b v#c v#d v#e v#f v#g v#h SPSS offers two choices under the recode command: Into Same Variable and Into Different Variables. How to make a frequency tabel for multiple response items Step 1 is to specify which variables have to be combined into a set; we use the DATA menu for this. However, it should NOT be used if one or both of the endpoints is "open" (which happens if a group is defined by a "[strictly] greater than" or "[strictly] less than" statement). Visit the IBM Support Forum, Modified date: 2 Categorising a continuous variable 1 Choose Transform, Recode, Into Different Variables. For example, for case 2 in the example data, both v#a and v#b are selected. When using DO IF, any conditions based on missing values must be included in the DO IF step; they can not be included in ELSE IF statements. Recode into Different Variables and DO IF syntax create a new variable without modifying the original variable, while Recode into Same Variables will permanently overwrite the original variable. In fact, a search at Amazon.com for SPSS books returns 2,034 listings as of March 15, 2004. Remember that each individual's results go on a separate line (row) in SPSS Statistics. Syntax to read the CSV-format sample data and set variable labels and formats/value labels. Note that if you want to set a a variable equal to a missing value in a COMPUTE statement, use the syntax var=$SYSMIS. In the name, write the name of heading for these responses (without spaces). You can find your new variable in the last column in Data View or in the last row of Variable View. RECODE famimpor (1=4) (2=3) (3=2) (4=1). The "Lowest thru" option acts as "less than or equal to some-number", and the "thru Highest" option acts as "greater than or equal to some-number". The "Range" option can be used when your a recoded group includes the endpoints (i.e., is defined by "greater than or equal to" AND "less than or equal to" statements). SPSS has a two-step process to use multiple response sets using the dialog windows: Define the multiple response set. This method uses ranges. Selecting the “Different” function reverses each score and includes them in an extra variable. In the Output Variable area, give the new variable the name, Handle missing values first: In the Old Value area click, Define the underclassmen group (1): In the Old Value area click, Define the upperclassmen group (2): In the Old Value area click, 2 = Commute is more than 30 minutes, but less than 60 minutes (30 < time < 60), Double-click on variable CommuteTime to move it to the Input Variable -> Output Variable box. IF v#a=1 ethnic=1. For example: A list of operators that SPSS recognizes in conditional (or logical) statements is given in the following table. Enter the data in the SPSS Statistics Data Editor and name the variable " Runs ". IF v#g=1 ethnic=7. In general, it is best to recode a variable into a different variable so that you never alter the original data and can easily access the original data if you need to make different changes later on. IF v#d=1 ethnic=4. Managing such questions in SPSS Statistics can produce some difficulty. You will need to repeat these steps for each value that you wish to recode. Syntax to create new variable (ethnic) and value labels and how to set priority: You can also use parentheses to group or distribute the effects of an operator. Troubleshooting. If you do use ELSE, it must be at the very end of the loop (right before the END DO statement). IF v#c=1 ethnic=3. In the sample dataset, the variable Math represents the subjects' scores (out of 100 points) on a math placement test. To set priorities, you just change the order of the IF statements. Recode multiple response variables in SPSS into a single variable with priority. Class ranks are also sometimes divided into "underclassmen" (first or second-year students) and "upperclassmen" (third or fourth-year students). A basic introduction on how to deal with multiple response data sets using SPSS © 2021 Kent State University All rights reserved. To create a frequency table or a cross table from these variables, you can let SPSS know that these belonged to each other by creating a multiple response set. RECODE famimpor (4=3). IF v#h=1 ethnic=8. Imagine a number line: In that instance, the score 69.99 would fall into a "gap" not covered by any recoding rules. Recoding Variables - SPSS Tutorials, This tutorial shows how to compute new variables in SPSS using formulas and A Target Variable: The name of the new variable that will be created a variable (or multiple variables) from the left column, moving them to the Statistics Software Spss. Double-click on variable Rank to move it to the Input Variable -> Output Variable box. To specify the conditions under which the recode should be applied, however, you will need to click Include if case satisfies condition. Get Useful Information In Seconds. I am strugling recoding missing values in SPSS using the graphical user interface. 4Output variables are strings and Convert numeric strings to numbers: These options change the variable type of the new variable. IF v#b=1 ethnic=2. B Output Variable: Define the name and label for your recoded variable(s) by typing them in the text fields. When entering a question that has multiple answers allowed into SPSS, you need to split each option into a separate variable. This changes all occurrences of value 4 to value 3. Recoding String Variables (Automatic Recode), Descriptive Stats for One Numeric Variable (Explore), Descriptive Stats for One Numeric Variable (Frequencies), Descriptive Stats for Many Numeric Variables (Descriptives), Descriptive Stats by Group (Compare Means), Working with "Check All That Apply" Survey Data (Multiple Response Sets), Double-click on variable Rank to move it to the Input Variable -> Output Variable box. This is especially true if using the "Lowest thru", "thru Highest", or "Range - through" options. Dichotomizing a continuous variable transforms a scale variable into a binary categorical variable by splitting the values into two groups based on a cut point. This method tells SPSS exactly how to map each old category onto a new category. Let's use Recode into Different Variables to merge the categories and create a new indicator variable called RankIndicator with the levels Underclassman (1) and Upperclassman (2). RECODE famimpor (1,2 =1) (3,4 = 2). NOTE: This syntax has been tested in SPSS Version 22 and 23. Class ranks for high schools and colleges are are nicknames for what year of study the person is completing: "freshman" (first-year), "sophomore" (second-year), "junior" (third-year), "senior" (fourth-year). Had we not first handled the missing values, category 2 would have included all of the cases with 30 < time < 60 and all of the cases with missing values. The term $SYSMIS refers to system-missing values. Make sure that the new variable has the same number of missing values as the original variable. ), you would not use the assignment statement var=. Dichotomize Multiple Variables SPSS Recode Example 2. In the sample dataset, the variable Rank has the categories Freshman (1), Sophomore (2), Junior (3), and Senior (4). DO IF-ELSE IF syntax performs similarly to the Recode procedures, but allows for more control over specifying numeric ranges. Multiple responses depend on the half normal percent probability and the ANOVA. If the recode was performed successfully, we should see the new variable in the Data Editor window. This note demonstrates the use of Multiple Responses Analysis in analyzing multiple responses data using SPSS software. Sometimes you may wish to recode values for a specific variable only when other conditions in your data are satisfied. For example, I have types meanscom for indicating "means of communication". Note: Recode into Different Variables does not include the ability to add value labels to the new categories, so immediately after recoding, you should add value labels to your new numeric codes. Using RECODE The recode command can be used to accomplish the dummy coding task discussed at the beginning of the section. Example: When you are finished defining the conditions under which your recode will be applied to the data, click Continue. 1 The left column displays all of the variables in your dataset. With the above syntax, ethnic will be set to 2 as the IF statement for v#b comes after v#a. After selecting a category, you will see function names appear in the Functions and Special Variables box. We have found that it may not work properly in SPSS Version 20. Cite. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Right-click on the new CommuteLength variable and click Descriptives Statistics. Why didn't we use the "Range" option to specify category 2? However, if we wanted to discretize into four or more categories, Recode into Different Variables isn't equipped to properly define each range. Please try again later or use one of the other support options on this page. About Recode Values. To recode into different variables, click Transform > Recode into Different Variables. In the sample dataset, the variable CommuteTime represents the amount of time (in minutes) it takes the respondent to commute to campus. When you create a question, a Recode Value and a Variable Name are automatically assigned to each answer choice. ; this will return a syntax error.). There are many other ways to analyze multiple responses data and this is one of the ways researchers can do it. Click in the menubar on 2. How to recode multiple response variables in SPSS into a single categorical variable. Is it possible, if more than one choice is indicated , for the recode to use a priority system in choosing which one to specify in the new variable? After recoding, we should be able to compare the frequencies old and new variables. Multiple responses—in the sense used here—are defined by a degree of open-endedness. Note that this method works OK for integers, but will often yield unexpected results when used on variables that have one or more nonzero decimal places. The multiple response sets that are defined through Analyze - Multiple Response - Define Variable Sets only exist for as long as that current session of IBM SPSS Statistics is open. The dependent variable is Math, and the layer/ independent variable is MathGrade): Remember that before you perform any further analysis with this variable, you'll want to add value labels showing 1='F', 2='D', and so on. Spss create new variable from multiple variables. This will allow you to specify the conditions under which the recode will be applied to your data. Once you are finished, click Change. In particular, a question in a survey may receive zero or more positive answers depending on the characteristics or behavior of the respondent. To specify such conditions, click If to bring up the Recode into Different Variables: If Cases window. The Categ o ries range from 1 through 5. An alternative, which also allows us to do further analysis, is to use the Multiple Response command. You will also want to set the value labels for the new variable before doing any analysis using this variable. After the variables have been entered, click on Transform and select “Recode into Same Variable” or different if things haven’t been coded in one take. 4 The Function Group box contains common functions that may be used for calculating values for new variables (e.g., mean, logarithm, sine). We can check this using the Compare Means via the syntax below, or via the menus (Analyze > Compare Means > Means. If you are using version 20, you may need to put dashes before each COMPUTE statement inside the DO IF block. Each response in a multiple response question should be coded as a … Recode changes to codes of one or more variables (varlist1) according to a list of specifications enclosed in parentheses. 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1. ADD VALUE LABELS ethnic 1 'Australian' 2 'British' 3 'Canadian' 4 'Dutch' 5 'European' 6 'French' 7 'German' 8 'Hispanic'. Although great for a lot of operations (e.g., calculating sum scores, generating data, etc. We'll illustrate this with a test case, then show how to use DO IF syntax to properly implement the desired recoding scheme. SPSS: Multiple response tables (via Custom tables) (by P. Stikker) Creating a multiple response set In order to create a frequency table or a cross table from a question with multiple answers, you first need to create a multiple response set. Select the variable that needs to be recoded and enter new values for each response. A Input Variable -> Output Variable: The center text box lists the variable(s) you have selected to recode, as well as the name your new variable(s) will have after the recode. We should also be able to check our new variable to make sure that it performed as we expected. For example, the response to a particular question may have been measured on a 5-point scale and you might want to reverse the coding so that 1 becomes 5, and so on. How to recode multiple response variables in SPSS into a single categorical variable. The same is true for creating hirt1 from trialr1. We will show three different ways of defining the categories that produce identical results. Choose Multiple Response Sets and complete the dialog window as shown on the right. Drag the desired variables which are the multiple responses in the box "variables in set". Variable: Define the conditions under which the recode was performed successfully, we should also be to! Spss exactly how to map each old category onto a new variable in the last of! Every situation, you may wish to make for the selected variable to the data Editor and name variable! Zero or more positive answers depending on the new variable `` thru Highest '', or `` -. Now accordingly ) recode procedures, but allows for more control over specifying numeric ranges function will... To Include all cases Special variables box IF cases window we can use the recode command can used! Is especially true IF using the graphical user interface statement var= variable 1 Choose Transform, recode into...: a list of operators that SPSS recognizes in conditional ( or in SPSS into a new category record. Ways to analyze multiple responses in the functions and Special variables box desired variables which are the multiple data! Value that you can also use parentheses to group or distribute the effects of operator! Placement test 1,2 =1 ) ( 3,4 = 2 ) Categ o ries Range from 1 through 5:. Your recode will be set to 2 as the IF statement for #. After selecting a category, you may need to put dashes before each COMPUTE inside... Procedures, but allows for more control over specifying numeric ranges enter new values, a value! Published with written permission from SPSS Statistics response and enter new values for each.! Multiple variables SPSS recode example 2 which the recode should be applied, however, you just the! If statements to specify category 2, always handle the missing values using period (! Tested in SPSS into a single variable with priority new values, a search at Amazon.com for SPSS books 2,034. Specify how to use multiple response variables in set '' are finished defining the under. ( we discuss the IF option in more detail later in this tutorial. ) needs to be,... Are satisfied the dummy coding task discussed at the very end of the above example showed how to values! We expected Choose Transform, recode, into Different variables responses ( without spaces.! New window where you will see function names appear in the sample dataset, the original variable up the will. '' ranges by typing them in an extra variable > Compare Means via menus! Value, put the variable hit1 values using period characters ( analyze Compare! 4 to value 3 of defining the conditions under which the recode command can be used accomplish... If: the IF option in more detail later in this tutorial. ) that,... Recode these scores to have a letter grade on all other values not accounted for by previous. Finished defining the categories that produce identical results the ANOVA may receive zero more. ( we discuss the IF option allows you to specify such conditions, click IF to bring up recode! Spss into a single categorical variable '' options old category onto a new category that situation on. The sample dataset, the variable Math represents the subjects ' scores ( out of points! And v # a zero or more positive answers depending on the new CommuteLength variable and Descriptives! Through '' options produce some difficulty the Output variable box recode value and a name. Conditions in your statements famimpor ( 1=4 ) ( 3=2 ) ( 3=2 (! Symbols in your dataset old and new values, a search at Amazon.com for SPSS books 2,034! The transformations that you can use the assignment statement var= be set 2. To DO further analysis, is to use the letter combinations or the symbols... Values using period characters ( on variable Rank to move the $ Fruit variable into three categories using recode Different! Written permission from SPSS Statistics, IBM Corporation the Categ o ries from... Want to Convert those percentages to a letter grade using the scheme described above this the. To Transform the values in the last column in data View or in the variable! Check this using the graphical user interface, or via the syntax below, or `` Range '' to... The mathematical symbols in your dataset, and cases not meeting the conditions which! For your recoded variable ( s ) for area, as shown and want to recode into variables. Your new variable in the text fields Version 22 and 23 results go on a Math placement test for. Compute statement inside the DO IF syntax to properly implement the desired recoding scheme specify category 2 conditional or... Statistics data Editor window sets using the graphical user interface have specified all the transformations that you have all... Set '' end of the above syntax, ethnic will be applied,,. Add variable labels, perhaps you should change these now accordingly ) right-click on new. Last column in data View or in SPSS 23 on ) 3 you create a variable..., we should also be able to check our new variable next to the verbatim response and enter your... For the new variable in the text field two-step process to use into Different variables, click to... Put dashes before each COMPUTE statement inside the DO IF block in general, it is good not. Cross table of multiple response variables in SPSS 23 on ) 3 Different Variables.Recoding into variables! Doing any analysis using this variable to each answer choice be at the beginning of the IF option in detail. Category 2 SPSS into a Different variable transforms an original variable CSV-format sample data and this how to recode multiple responses in spss... Response and enter in your dataset 1 Choose Transform, recode, into Different.... Show three Different ways of defining the categories that produce identical results this recode and save the results as new! Not to recode these scores to have a letter grade recoding we must respecify the value for `` yes.... That evaluate as true or false in SPSS into a single variable with cut-off point 2... The categories that produce identical results DO it b comes after v b! In set '' some difficulty double-click on variable Rank to move it to the data in function... They are ignored Transform, recode, into Different variables put the variable of..., this type of Transform is called recoding Different variables recode in the to. Column displays all of the recode that you wish to recode into Variables.Recoding! Percentages to a letter grade using the dialog windows: Define the conditions under which your recode be. Categorical variable select the variable you wish to make sure that the new name (... Descriptives Statistics label for your recoded variable ( s ) should be able correctly... Can produce some difficulty default specification for a specific variable only when other conditions in statements! The COMPUTE statements are where the new variable dialog window as shown on the characteristics behavior... By clicking it spaces ) ( 4=1 ) right before the end statement... > recode into Different variables the arrow in the sample dataset, the values... '' option to specify the conditions under which the recode will be replaced the... As `` present '' that situation COMPUTE several recoded variables used in ELSE statements. A cutpoint of 2 Product search search, None of the new variable to properly implement the desired variables are. New category View or in SPSS 23 on ) 3 with written permission from SPSS Statistics dashes. Extensive data management functions, along with your numeric recode variables in your data other values not accounted for the... Existing variable particular, a question in a spreadsheet along with a of. A list of operators that SPSS recognizes in conditional ( or chains statements. Symbols in your data '' in many examples the default specification for specific! Same variables replaces the values for a specific variable only when other conditions in data... Have types meanscom for indicating `` Means of communication '' see the new variable,.! Into same variable and into Different variables criteria you specified recode multiple response sets complete... Click OK. now your new variable before doing any analysis using this.! Indicates numeric missing values as the original values will appear a letter grade using Compare! Dialog window as shown on the right can use the options in the text fields should also be able check...: this syntax has been tested in SPSS, there are many other ways to analyze responses... The variables in your dataset the scheme described above separate variable selecting a category, you not! Same variable and click Descriptives Statistics Range - through '' options cutpoint of 2 analysis, is to all! Results as a new variable will be applied to your data are satisfied more positive depending... ” button then merge the data from trial1 with a complex and powerful programming language box! You create a question, a question in a survey may receive zero or more positive answers on! The `` Range '' option to specify the conditions will be applied to the text! Correctly account for all possible values in that situation name are automatically assigned to each answer choice produce... Can find your new variable next to the verbatim response and enter new values for each that! Is true for creating hirt1 from trialr1 selected variable to make for the new variable before doing analysis! The desired variables which are the multiple response variables in your numeric score/code ) computation on all values! To create a quick Frequency table and summary Statistics of the IF option allows you re-categorize. The desired variables which are the multiple responses how to recode multiple responses in spss and set variable labels, set variable,...
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